{"id":862,"date":"2026-03-12T17:26:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T16:26:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.iph-multisite.berta-bewegt.ch\/?page_id=862"},"modified":"2026-03-13T18:13:35","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T17:13:35","slug":"3-efficacite-et-tolerance-etudiees-en-laboratoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/sujets\/genese-dun-medicament\/3-efficacite-et-tolerance-etudiees-en-laboratoire\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Efficacit\u00e9 et tol\u00e9rance \u00e9tudi\u00e9es en laboratoire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Une fois que l’on a trouv\u00e9 un principe actif, on teste d’abord son efficacit\u00e9 en laboratoire. On \u00e9tudie la mani\u00e8re dont la substance est tol\u00e9r\u00e9e ou dont elle se r\u00e9partit dans l’organisme. Parall\u00e8lement, des toxicologues analysent au moyen de contr\u00f4les de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 approfondis si la mol\u00e9cule candidate est toxique (et dans l’affirmative, \u00e0 partir de quelle concentration), si elle est nocive pour l’embryon, et si elle est canc\u00e9rog\u00e8ne ou provoque des modifications du patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. Tous ces tests n\u00e9cessitent non seulement des cultures cellulaires, mais aussi des animaux. Il est impossible de renoncer \u00e0 l’exp\u00e9rimentation animale lors du d\u00e9veloppement d’un m\u00e9dicament. De nombreuses questions pos\u00e9es par un nouveau principe actif peuvent certes d\u00e9sormais \u00eatre \u00e9lucid\u00e9es \u00e0 l’aide de bact\u00e9ries, de cultures cellulaires et tissulaires, de tests chimiques ou en recourant \u00e0 l’ordinateur, mais aucun de ces syst\u00e8mes de tests n’est en mesure de reproduire les processus complexes survenant dans l’organisme vivant. Or, cet aspect est important pour que l’on puisse identifier les effets nocifs \u00e9ventuels d’une substance avant qu’on ne la teste chez l’homme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les substances qui franchissent tous ces tests sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme mol\u00e9cules candidates. Pendant plusieurs ann\u00e9es, on \u00e9labore en permanence de nouvelles variantes, que l’on teste et que l’on rejette en cas de r\u00e9sultats n\u00e9gatifs. Si les chercheurs sont convaincus par un principe actif, ils d\u00e9posent une demande de brevet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l’optique des \u00e9tudes cliniques constituant l’\u00e9tape suivante, les chimistes doivent d\u00e9terminer comment produire le principe actif en quantit\u00e9s aussi importantes que possible, dans le respect de l’environnement, selon des principes simples et \u00e0 co\u00fbt mod\u00e9r\u00e9. Sur les 20 substances initialement retenues, il n’en reste plus que 10 \u00e0 l’issue de ces tests approfondis, et cinq ann\u00e9es se sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9coul\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Il est impossible de renoncer aux exp\u00e9riences sur animaux pour d\u00e9velopper un m\u00e9dicament.
\u00a9 istockphoto<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une fois que l’on a trouv\u00e9 un principe actif, on teste d’abord son efficacit\u00e9 en laboratoire. On \u00e9tudie la mani\u00e8re dont la substance est tol\u00e9r\u00e9e ou dont elle se r\u00e9partit dans l’organisme. Parall\u00e8lement, des toxicologues analysent au moyen de contr\u00f4les de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 approfondis si la mol\u00e9cule candidate est toxique (et dans l’affirmative, \u00e0 partir de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":898,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/unterthema.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-862","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n3. 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