{"id":750,"date":"2026-03-12T17:26:27","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T16:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.iph-multisite.berta-bewegt.ch\/?page_id=750"},"modified":"2026-03-13T17:27:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T16:27:16","slug":"3-reproduction-des-genes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/sujets\/cloner\/3-reproduction-des-genes\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Reproduction des g\u00e8nes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Lorsque les scientifiques parlent de clonage g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, ils ne pensent pas \u00e0 la reproduction d’un organisme mais plut\u00f4t \u00e0 celle d’un g\u00e8ne sp\u00e9cifique. Le clonage g\u00e9n\u00e9tique est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment du g\u00e9nie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique; il est le plus souvent une condition pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l’investigation d’un g\u00e8ne. La m\u00e9thode est d\u00e9sormais routini\u00e8re dans tous les laboratoires m\u00e9dicaux et biologiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La difficult\u00e9 pour les chercheurs d\u00e9sireux d’\u00e9tudier un g\u00e8ne humain est son acc\u00e8s: les g\u00e8nes ne sont pas aussi accessibles que l’est par exemple un moteur de voiture, directement accessible en relevant le capot de la voiture. Le g\u00e8ne doit donc d’abord \u00eatre rendu accessible; les chercheurs vont alors produire par clonage la prot\u00e9ine correspondante pour l’\u00e9tudier ou l’utiliser en pratique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans le cas du clonage du g\u00e8ne insuline par exemple, les chercheurs vont pr\u00e9lever de la salive humaine: celle-ci contient de nombreuses cellules de la muqueuse buccale et chaque cellule renferme le patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique global. Le patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique (g\u00e9nome) est purifi\u00e9 des restes de mat\u00e9riel cellulaire puis analys\u00e9, non pas sur l’individu mais dans une \u00e9prouvette (ou in vitro). Ensuite, il faut trouver le g\u00e8ne appropri\u00e9 dans le g\u00e9nome. Les g\u00e8nes humains sont la plupart du temps longs de quelques mille \u00e0 dix-mille \u00e9l\u00e9ments mais le g\u00e9nome comprend 3,2 milliards d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments. Trouver le g\u00e8ne appropri\u00e9 correspond \u00e0 la recherche d’une aiguille dans une botte de foin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Muqueuse buccale.
\u00a9 Novartis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lorsque les scientifiques parlent de clonage g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, ils ne pensent pas \u00e0 la reproduction d’un organisme mais plut\u00f4t \u00e0 celle d’un g\u00e8ne sp\u00e9cifique. Le clonage g\u00e9n\u00e9tique est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment du g\u00e9nie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique; il est le plus souvent une condition pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l’investigation d’un g\u00e8ne. La m\u00e9thode est d\u00e9sormais routini\u00e8re dans tous les laboratoires m\u00e9dicaux et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":782,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/unterthema.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-750","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n3. Reproduction des g\u00e8nes - biotechlerncenter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/klonieren\/3-gene-vervielfaeltigen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"3. Reproduction des g\u00e8nes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lorsque les scientifiques parlent de clonage g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, ils ne pensent pas \u00e0 la reproduction d’un organisme mais plut\u00f4t \u00e0 celle d’un g\u00e8ne sp\u00e9cifique. Le clonage g\u00e9n\u00e9tique est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment du g\u00e9nie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique; il est le plus souvent une condition pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 l’investigation d’un g\u00e8ne. 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