{"id":620,"date":"2026-03-12T17:26:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T16:26:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.iph-multisite.berta-bewegt.ch\/?page_id=620"},"modified":"2026-03-13T17:03:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T16:03:15","slug":"2-comment-agissent-les-antibiotiques","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/sujets\/les-antibiotiques-sauvent-des-vies\/2-comment-agissent-les-antibiotiques\/","title":{"rendered":"2. Comment agissent les antibiotiques?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Les antibiotiques ont deux modes d\u2019action diff\u00e9rents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Ils emp\u00eachent la croissance ou la multiplication des bact\u00e9ries, sans tuer les bact\u00e9ries proprement dites (= antibiotiques bact\u00e9riostatiques)<br>2. Ils tuent les bact\u00e9ries (= antibiotiques bact\u00e9ricides)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les antibiotiques agissent contre les bact\u00e9ries sans affecter sensiblement les cellules humaines. En effet, ils attaquent en des points o\u00f9 les cellules bact\u00e9riennes se diff\u00e9rencient des cellules humaines. Ainsi les bact\u00e9ries sont-elles les seuls organismes connus dont la paroi se compose de mur\u00e9ine. Ce sucre n\u2019est pr\u00e9sent que dans les bact\u00e9ries. En outre, les bact\u00e9ries ont d\u2019autres ribosomes pour la fabrication des prot\u00e9ines et d\u2019autres enzymes pour la r\u00e9plication de l\u2019ADN que l\u2019\u00eatre humain (voir chapitre 1, G\u00e9nie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique). Contrairement aux bact\u00e9ries, les cellules humaines ne fabriquent pas non plus d\u2019acide folique, l\u2019\u00eatre humain obtient celui-ci par l\u2019alimentation. Les scientifiques ont utilis\u00e9 toutes ces diff\u00e9rences pour \u00e9laborer des substances actives qui nuisent uniquement aux bact\u00e9ries, mais pas \u00e0 l\u2019\u00eatre humain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais il y a cependant un probl\u00e8me: des millions de bact\u00e9ries vivent dans notre intestin et sont utiles \u00e0 notre digestion. Or, les antibiotiques ne peuvent pas distinguer les \u00abbonnes\u00bb bact\u00e9ries de notre intestin des \u00abmauvaises\u00bb bact\u00e9ries qui nous rendent malades. C\u2019est pourquoi un traitement par antibiotiques a tendance \u00e0 d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibrer la flore intestinale et \u00e0 entra\u00eener des troubles digestifs. Mais ces effets secondaires s\u2019estompent une fois le traitement par antibiotiques termin\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aussi efficaces qu\u2019ils soient contre les bact\u00e9ries, les antibiotiques sont en revanche compl\u00e8tement impuissants face aux maladies caus\u00e9es par des virus (par exemple la grippe ou le sida). Cela est d\u00fb au fait que les antibiotiques interviennent dans le m\u00e9tabolisme des bact\u00e9ries. Les virus n\u2019ont quant \u00e0 eux pas de m\u00e9tabolisme propre. Pour leur reproduction, ils se servent d\u2019une cellule h\u00f4te. Par cons\u00e9quent, ils n\u2019offrent aux antibiotiques pratiquement aucun point d\u2019attaque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/01\/penicillium_notatum.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3872\"\/><figcaption>Penicillium notatum<br>\u00a9 wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les antibiotiques ont deux modes d\u2019action diff\u00e9rents: 1. Ils emp\u00eachent la croissance ou la multiplication des bact\u00e9ries, sans tuer les bact\u00e9ries proprement dites (= antibiotiques bact\u00e9riostatiques)2. Ils tuent les bact\u00e9ries (= antibiotiques bact\u00e9ricides) Les antibiotiques agissent contre les bact\u00e9ries sans affecter sensiblement les cellules humaines. En effet, ils attaquent en des points o\u00f9 les cellules [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1254,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/unterthema.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-620","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>2. 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