{"id":592,"date":"2026-03-12T17:26:17","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T16:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.iph-multisite.berta-bewegt.ch\/?page_id=592"},"modified":"2026-03-12T17:26:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T16:26:17","slug":"3-entrer-dans-le-genome-en-taxi-genique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/sujets\/therapie-genique-soigner-les-maladies-a-laide-de-genes\/3-entrer-dans-le-genome-en-taxi-genique\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Entrer dans le g\u00e9nome en \u00abtaxi g\u00e9nique\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Pour transporter le g\u00e8ne en bonne sant\u00e9 dans l\u2019ADN, il faut un moyen de transport, appel\u00e9 \u00abtaxi g\u00e9nique\u00bb ou \u00abvecteur\u00bb dans le langage scientifique. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, des chercheurs trouv\u00e8rent une solution ad\u00e9quate: des virus appel\u00e9s r\u00e9trovirus. On les modifie de telle sorte qu\u2019ils ne puissent plus transmettre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00eatre humain une maladie infectieuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En principe, il existe deux m\u00e9thodes pour ins\u00e9rer les g\u00e8nes dans les cellules: \u00abex vivo\u00bb (\u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du corps) et \u00abin vivo\u00bb (dans le corps). Pour la m\u00e9thode \u00abex vivo\u00bb, on pr\u00e9l\u00e8ve temporairement les cellules d\u00e9fectueuses de l\u2019organisme, on les \u00e9quipe dans un tube \u00e0 essai du g\u00e8ne souhait\u00e9, puis on les r\u00e9administre au patient. Les cellules souches sont int\u00e9ressantes dans ce contexte car le traitement par cellules souches a pour effet que de nouvelles cellules sanguines ou immunitaires saines seront durablement produites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 part les vecteurs viraux, il existe encore d\u2019autres m\u00e9thodes biologiques, chimiques et physiques faisant appel aux taxis g\u00e9niques pour ins\u00e9rer le g\u00e8ne sain dans les cellules humaines. Le tableau ci-dessous donne un aper\u00e7u des m\u00e9thodes actuellement courantes. Dans le cas de l\u2019\u00e9lectroporation, par exemple, on utilise une impulsion \u00e9lectrique pour perforer la membrane cellulaire et permettre ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019ADN de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans la cellule.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pour transporter le g\u00e8ne en bonne sant\u00e9 dans l\u2019ADN, il faut un moyen de transport, appel\u00e9 \u00abtaxi g\u00e9nique\u00bb ou \u00abvecteur\u00bb dans le langage scientifique. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, des chercheurs trouv\u00e8rent une solution ad\u00e9quate: des virus appel\u00e9s r\u00e9trovirus. On les modifie de telle sorte qu\u2019ils ne puissent plus transmettre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00eatre humain une maladie infectieuse. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":612,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/unterthema.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-592","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>3. 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