{"id":1134,"date":"2026-03-12T17:26:53","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T16:26:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.iph-multisite.berta-bewegt.ch\/?page_id=1134"},"modified":"2026-03-13T19:07:12","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T18:07:12","slug":"4-comment-modifie-t-on-le-genome","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/sujets\/animaux-genetiquement-modifies\/4-comment-modifie-t-on-le-genome\/","title":{"rendered":"4. Comment modifie-t-on le g\u00e9nome?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes furent d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es pour introduire l’ADN dans le g\u00e9nome dont voici deux exemples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. A l’aide de \u00abcanons \u00e0 g\u00e8nes\u00bb, des billes seront introduites dans les cellules sur la surface desquelles sont coll\u00e9es les s\u00e9quences d’ADN.<\/li>
  2. Des virus renfermant le fragment d’ADN d\u00e9sir\u00e9 contaminent les cellules.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"
    Le canon \u00e0 g\u00e8nes est un appareil qui permet d\u2019introduire de l\u2019ADN dans des cellules en le projetant \u00e0 l\u2019aide de particules.
    \u00a9 Wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Comment \u00e9lever un animal knock-out? Prenons l’exemple de la souris. La s\u00e9quence d’un g\u00e8ne s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 (par ex. le g\u00e8ne dystrophine) sera transf\u00e9r\u00e9e dans les cellules souches embryonnaires d’une souris. La s\u00e9quence du g\u00e8ne a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9e au pr\u00e9alable de telle sorte que la prot\u00e9ine correspondante ne puisse agir normalement. Apr\u00e8s avoir introduit dans le chromosome de l’animal le g\u00e8ne d\u00e9fectueux, celui-ci va se fixer au g\u00e8ne correspondant sain puisqu’il s’agit presque de la m\u00eame s\u00e9quence g\u00e9nique. Apr\u00e8s l’\u00e9change des s\u00e9quences, le g\u00e8ne sain va donc muter en g\u00e8ne d\u00e9fectueux. Les cellules souches ainsi modifi\u00e9es seront inject\u00e9es dans un embryon pr\u00e9coce de souris qui sera ensuite transf\u00e9r\u00e9 sur une souris-nourrice. Les souris vont se reproduire et permettront de constater si le g\u00e8ne knock-out a \u00e9t\u00e9 transmis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    De telles souris knock-out ont permis de faire sensiblement progresser la recherche comme par exemple pour une des maladies h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaires les plus fr\u00e9quentes, la fibrose cystique (FC). Un enfant sur 2’000 environ est atteint de FC, maladie provenant d’un dysfonctionnement de la r\u00e9gulation du m\u00e9tabolisme salin des muqueuses. Les enfants vont alors produire de grandes quantit\u00e9s de mucosit\u00e9 dans les poumons ce qui va conduire \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s respiratoires ainsi qu’\u00e0 de fr\u00e9quentes infections. Il n’existe \u00e0 ce jour pas de gu\u00e9rison possible. Mais gr\u00e2ce aux souris FC knock-out, les connaissances relatives \u00e0 cette maladie sont plus grandes; les souris permettent de tester des traitements \u00e9ventuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cependant, l’\u00e9tude sur les souris knock-out a \u00e9galement des limites: de nombreuses maladies de l’\u00eatre humain ne sont pas dues aux modifications d’un seul g\u00e8ne mais \u00e0 l’ensemble de plusieurs g\u00e8nes d\u00e9fectueux. Cela complique consid\u00e9rablement l’analyse des diff\u00e9rentes maladies. C’est pourquoi les opposants aux exp\u00e9rimentations animales attirent l’attention sur l’impact limit\u00e9 des exp\u00e9riences sur les animaux transg\u00e9niques. Les experts pr\u00e9tendent par contre que la bonne transmissibilit\u00e9 d\u00e9pend  de l’agencement correct de l’exp\u00e9rience.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes furent d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es pour introduire l’ADN dans le g\u00e9nome dont voici deux exemples: A l’aide de \u00abcanons \u00e0 g\u00e8nes\u00bb, des billes seront introduites dans les cellules sur la surface desquelles sont coll\u00e9es les s\u00e9quences d’ADN. Des virus renfermant le fragment d’ADN d\u00e9sir\u00e9 contaminent les cellules. Comment \u00e9lever un animal knock-out? Prenons l’exemple de la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":512,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/unterthema.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1134","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n4. Comment modifie-t-on le g\u00e9nome? - biotechlerncenter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"4. Comment modifie-t-on le g\u00e9nome?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes furent d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es pour introduire l’ADN dans le g\u00e9nome dont voici deux exemples: A l’aide de \u00abcanons \u00e0 g\u00e8nes\u00bb, des billes seront introduites dans les cellules sur la surface desquelles sont coll\u00e9es les s\u00e9quences d’ADN. Des virus renfermant le fragment d’ADN d\u00e9sir\u00e9 contaminent les cellules. Comment \u00e9lever un animal knock-out? Prenons l’exemple de la […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"biotechlerncenter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-13T18:07:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/01\/genegun_wikipedia.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/\",\"name\":\"4. Comment modifie-t-on le g\u00e9nome? - biotechlerncenter\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/01\/genegun_wikipedia.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-12T16:26:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-13T18:07:12+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/01\/genegun_wikipedia.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/01\/genegun_wikipedia.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Sujets\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/sujets\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Animaux g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/sujets\/animaux-genetiquement-modifies\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"4. Comment modifie-t-on le g\u00e9nome?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/\",\"name\":\"biotechlerncenter\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"4. Comment modifie-t-on le g\u00e9nome? - biotechlerncenter","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"4. Comment modifie-t-on le g\u00e9nome?","og_description":"Diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes furent d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es pour introduire l’ADN dans le g\u00e9nome dont voici deux exemples: A l’aide de \u00abcanons \u00e0 g\u00e8nes\u00bb, des billes seront introduites dans les cellules sur la surface desquelles sont coll\u00e9es les s\u00e9quences d’ADN. Des virus renfermant le fragment d’ADN d\u00e9sir\u00e9 contaminent les cellules. Comment \u00e9lever un animal knock-out? Prenons l’exemple de la […]","og_url":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/","og_site_name":"biotechlerncenter","article_modified_time":"2026-03-13T18:07:12+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/01\/genegun_wikipedia.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/","url":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/","name":"4. Comment modifie-t-on le g\u00e9nome? - biotechlerncenter","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/01\/genegun_wikipedia.jpg","datePublished":"2026-03-12T16:26:53+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-13T18:07:12+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/01\/genegun_wikipedia.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/01\/genegun_wikipedia.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/themen\/genetisch-veraenderte-tiere-2\/4-wie-wird-das-erbgut-veraendert\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Sujets","item":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/sujets\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Animaux g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s","item":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/sujets\/animaux-genetiquement-modifies\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"4. Comment modifie-t-on le g\u00e9nome?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/#website","url":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/","name":"biotechlerncenter","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1134"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3310,"href":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1134\/revisions\/3310"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biotechlerncenter.interpharma.ch\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}